Można stąpać razem z nie-Żydem w tłoczni [i nie mówimy, że czerpie korzyści z rzeczy zakazanych. Ta tanna twierdzi, że wolno jej nawet pić, o ile nie schodzi do cysterny. I tu nie zachodzi podatność na tumah (gorem). Bo od czasu, gdy Goj podeptał ich trochę, stają się oswojeni, tak że Żyd nie jest tu goremem.] Ale nie może zrywać (winogron) z nim. [Bo on (Goj) umieszcza je w swojej tłoczni, która jest tamei. A Goj ujarzmia winogrona swoim dotykiem, a Żyd, który zbiera razem z nim, to gorem of tumah. I ta tanna utrzymuje, że zabronione jest być gorem of tumah do chullin (nie poświęconego jedzenia) w Eretz Yisrael, nawet Gojów. Halacha nie jest zgodna z tą Miszną, ponieważ uważamy, że kiedy wino zacznie spływać (w tłoczni), staje się yayin nesech. Dlatego nie wolno stąpać po tłoczni z Gojami. I utrzymujemy, że wolno jest być goremem tumah, gdy czuliśmy się w Erec Izrael, kiedy chullin należy do Gojów. Dlatego dozwolone jest zbieranie (winogron) z Gojami. I chociaż przez to jest goremem od tumah do chullina, nie ma w tym nic przeciwnego. Jednak Żyd, zbierając swoją winnicę, może ab initio nie wziąć goja do pomocy, nawet przynieść winogrona do tłoczni z powodu „Idź, idź” (daleko od winnicy) ”, mówią do Nazirejczyk, itd. '”]. Zabrania się deptać lub skubać z Żydem, który przetwarza (swoje owoce) w stanie tumah. [On (właściciel) popełnia przez to grzechy, gdyż czyni terumota i maaseroth pośród nich tamei. Dlatego zabronione jest mu asystowanie, aby nie przyzwyczaił się do tego.] Ale może przynieść ze sobą [puste] dzbanki do tłoczni, a może przynieść ze sobą [pełne dzbany] z tłoczni, [dla „co się stało, stało się”. Gdy winogrona staną się tamei, wolno wlewać wino do dzbanów, które są tamei.] Zabrania się wyrabiania (ciasta) lub kształtowania go przez piekarza, który przetwarza je w stanie tumah, ale on może przynieść (gotowe bochenki) ze sobą do sklepu.
Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah
דורכין עם העכו"ם בגת – and we don’t say that he is making a living with what is prohibited from deriving benefit, for this Tanna/thinks [that even] with drinking, it is permitted as long as he doesn’t go down into the cistern. But there isn’t anything concerning causing ritual defilement for from the time when the idolater treads upon them [a little bit], they were ritually defiled, so it is found that the Israelite did not cause the ritual defilement.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Avodah Zarah
Introduction
This mishnah discusses what actions a Jew may or may not do to help a non-Jew in the winemaking process. The second and third sections of the mishnah discuss helping ritually impure winemakers and bakers. These sections are only brought into our tractate due to their similarity to the halakhah in section one.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah
אבל לא בוצרין עמו – because he places them into a ritually impure vat for wine pressing. For the idolater defiles the grapes through his contact and the Israelite who cuts with him causes ritual defilement. But this Tanna/teacher holds that it is forbidden to cause ritual defilement for non-holy produce that is in the Land of Israel, even if they belong to the idolater. But the Halakha is not according to this Mishnah for we hold that since the wine began to be drawn, it became libation wine, therefore, we do not tread with the idolater in the vat for wine pressing. And we hold that it is permissible to cause ritual from produce, there is nothing in this. But however, an Israelite who harvests his vineyard ab initio, the idolater should not take with him, even to bring the grapes to the vat, because we say, “go around Nazirite, etc. (that you may not come near the vineyard” – see Numbers Rabbah 6:10).
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English Explanation of Mishnah Avodah Zarah
A Jew may tread the winepress together with a non-Jew but may not pick grapes with him. A Jew is allowed to tread grapes in a winepress with a non-Jew, since the wine does not become yen nesekh until it goes down into the vat (see previous mishnah). However, a Jew may not pick grapes with the non-Jew for the non-Jew causes the grapes to become impure. When the non-Jew puts the grapes in his impure winepress, the grapes will become impure. If a Jew helps him to do so, the Jew is helping to make produce grown in the land of Israel impure. The reason that treading on the grapes is permitted is that as soon as the non-Jew touches them, they are already impure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah
וישראל העושה פירותיו בטומאה – he commits a sin because he defiles the Priest’s Due and Tithes that are within them. Therefore, it is forbidden to assist him in order that he become accustomed to this.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Avodah Zarah
If an israelite was working in a state of ritual impurity, one may neither tread nor pick with him, but one may move [empty] casks with him to the press and carry them [filled] with him from the press. An Israelite who works in a winepress while impure is committing a sin, for he is impurifying the terumah and tithes and thereby rendering them inedible. Since this is forbidden, another Jew may not even tread in the winepress with him, because that would be aiding a transgressor. However, the other Jew may help this Jew before the process begins by bringing jugs to the winepress and he may help him remove the jugs when the pressing is over. In other words, it is only forbidden to help him while the impure pressing is going on. Before and after it is permitted.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Avodah Zarah
אבל מוליכין עמו – an empty barrel to the vat, and he brings it with him filled barrels from the winepress, for what has happened has happened for after they have been ritually defiled, it is permissible to put the wine in impure barrels.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Avodah Zarah
If a baker was working in a state of ritual impurity, one may neither knead nor roll dough with him but we may carry loaves with him to the bakery. The same rules that were stated in section two with regards to helping a winemaker who presses his wine while impure, are also true with regards to the impure baker. One may not help him in the baking process, for he causes impurity to the terumah and tithes. However, one may help him after the loaves are already baked.
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English Explanation of Mishnah Avodah Zarah
Questions for Further Thought: • Why is it permitted to help the non-Jew tread but not to help the impure Jew, even though both cause the grapes to become impure?
